The R.Ph.D. Project is expected to produce 5,000 Ph.Ds. for the country in the first phase and another 20,000 in the second phase. These high quality human resources will be most useful to serve as researchers in both government and private sectors. Some will also become faculty in universities which is presently badly in need. The situation will become more severe in the near future when the 9-year mandatory primary education students reach tertiary level. In addition, a good number of the output of this program will become economic and social leaders holding key-positions in both private and governmental sectors in the coming globalized era. The great quality of research work produced during Phase I and Phase II will be most valuable for the country both in terms of new knowledge and application. They should be very useful for industrial development and for solving socio-economic problems of the country. In a longterm, the most direct impact of the R.Ph.D. Project is the strengthening of graduate programs in Thailand and raising them to high international standard.